2018-09-212018-09-212013p. 189-201. In: S A Levin (ed.) Encyclopaedia of Biodiversity, 2nd Ed., Vol. 1. Waltham, MA, Academic Presshttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12348/849Biophysical impacts of aquaculture, with consequences for biodiversity, vary with species and culture systems and include issues such as: nutrient enrichment/removal, chemicals, land use, species introductions, genetic flow to wild populations, disturbance of balance or introduction of pathogen/parasites, consumption of capture fishery resources, energy, and greenhouse gas emissions. Guiding principles, labeling schemes and various tools are needed to analyze performance and conformance. Ecological footprints and life-cycle analysis aim to capture biophysical performance, including up- and downstream effects of policy decisions. Aquaculture provides a range of services but also makes demands and impacts on ecosystem functions, services, and thus biodiversity.application/pdfBook Chapterhttps://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384719-5.00307-5