Integrated smallholder agriculture aquaculture in Asia: optimizing trophic flows
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A nutrient modelling approach was applied to show how the combination of crops, trees, livestock, and fish, that is, integrated agriculture-aquaculture (IAA), helps in optimizing trophic flows in Asian rice-based agroecosystems. Integrated natural resource management can benefit the farm's nutrient balance sheet and nutrient use efficiency, while generating productive systems.
Citation
p. 141-155. In: Smaling, E.M.A, Oenema, O. ; Fresco, L.O. (eds.). Nutrient disequilibria in agroecosystem: concepts and case studies. Wallingford, Oxon, Cabi Pub. 1999
