Advancing Ecological Restoration and Economic Development in Indian Coastal Areas: Strategic Approaches for Sustainability

Abstract

India’s coastal zones are essential ecosystems, rich in biodiversity and providing millions of livelihoods. Mangrove forests are a crucial component of these ecosystems, acting as natural barriers against storms and coastal erosion while also playing an important role in carbon sequestration and fisheries support. In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the importance of coordinated strategies that balance ecological restoration and economic development. One promising strategy is mangrove-based aquafarming, which combines aquaculture and mangrove conservation. This approach improves fish and shrimp yields through nutrient recycling, increasing coastal biodiversity, strengthening resistance to environmental stressors, and boosting the local economy. This chapter offers a comprehensive analysis of various national and international models that incorporate mangrove-based aquafarming techniques. It emphasizes the ecological and economic benefits of these practices, showing how they boost ecosystem services while supporting the livelihoods of coastal communities. The chapter also identifies the critical factors that make mangrove aquafarming a feasible and adaptable strategy across diverse environmental settings. By illustrating its ability to harmonize environmental sustainability with economic growth, the chapter highlights the significance of mangrove aquafarming in promoting resilient ecosystems and sustainable livelihoods.