Effects of Climate Change on Ornamental Fish Production Implications, Adaptation, and Mitigation

Abstract

Ornamental fish keeping has been known since antiquity, with evidence dating back to 500 BCE (Morgan, 2009). Ornamental fish is a catch-all term for aquatic animals kept in aquariums, including fish, and invertebrates such as crustaceans, molluscs, corals, etc. The hobby of ornamental fish keeping and the culture activities through tank breeding and farm production are growing throughout the twenty-first century with improved techniques (Brunner, 2003). The sector has been lauded for its ability to create jobs, alleviate poverty, and contribute to the economic growth of the country (Devi et al., 2016). The global ornamental fish market was worth US$ 6,800 million in 2019 and is expected to reach US$ 11,336.47 million by 2025, growing at a rate of over 10% (Report Linker, 2021). The exact number of species currently available in the global aquarium trade is difficult to count due to the unorganized and fragmented supply system, but it is estimated to be over 6,000 (Morgan, 2009; Prakash et al., 2017). Most of the ornamental fishes in the aquarium trade are freshwater and farm-raised, with Asian countries accounting for more than half of the supply (Chapman, 2000; Cato and Brown, 2003).