Improved Multisectoral Nutrition Governance in Kenya is Influenced by Ministry Affiliation and Level of Nutrition Prioritization in Line Ministries

Abstract

Background: Kenya has shown progress in social, economic, and health indicators over the past 2 decades. Yet, malnutrition remains a critical public health issue. Effective Multisectoral Nutrition Governance (MNG) is an enabling determinant of nutrition ensures that nutrition policies are well-coordinated, adequately funded, and effectively implemented, leading to better nutrition outcomes. Objective: Our study assessed the status, evolution, and factors associated with MNG in Kenya using a cross-sectional design at 2 distinct time points (2012 and 2023). The 2 distinct time points provided valuable comparative perspectives allowing for the assessment of progress and trends in MNG allowing further analysis. Methods: The study targeted 96 government and nongovernmental staff from eligible ministries at the national level. It used a structured closed-ended questionnaire adapted from a validated Nutrition Governance Index. Results: Our findings reveal an improvement in MNG status, from 58.4% in 2012 to 71.1% in 2023 (P < .01). The 6 MNG domains demonstrated varying performance levels, with mean scores ranging from 3.1 to 4.0 (out of 5). Despite the performance variation, the domains contributed equally to the MNG status. A positive relationship was found between the MNG score and respondent affiliation with the Ministry of Health and the level of prioritization of nutrition in a ministry (P < .05). Conclusions: Further efforts are needed to strengthen specific MNG domains, particularly nutrition financing, transparency, accountability, and capacity, to ensure progress in tackling malnutrition in Kenya. These findings can inform efforts to enhance MNG strategies to improve nutrition outcomes sustainably in Kenya.